I'll add the gold ribbed hare's ear. One of the best ever.
The advice you're getting is very good, and from people who know those places well.
Here's a website for you that will be a treasure trove for learning flyfishing: www.flyanglersonline.com/
They have some great articles. For good flies, click on "Flyfishing basics" on the left side of the screen, then "Flyfishing 101". Scroll down and you'll see several things like "10 best dry flies," "10 best nymphs." There are also links for streamers and wet flies.
I think a good strategy is to build up a small arsenal of flies that have worked in many places over and over; those pages will guide you well. The people in the flyshop will know what is working locally--and they could well be the flies you already have. If not, you can get them at the shop.
A lot of those flies will work on other species, too, especially bass and bluegills. It's a good idea to get a handful of poppers for them and keep them with your trout gear. If you find yourself near bluegill and bass water, you'll be fully loaded for them as well. They also give you something very offbeat to present to trout when nothing else is working.